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Powder, gummies, tablet or syrup: what's the actual difference?

The four ways to give a child vitamins, compared on what matters: sugar, dose, what physically fits in each format, and whether your child will take it.

1.4 kg of sugar a year, from two gummy vitamins a day

When your child will only eat sweet things at breakfast, a sweet vitamin looks like the obvious answer. One of us lives with that every morning, which is exactly why we want to be honest about the pull of it.

The short answer

  • Gummies are the easiest to get a child to take and the least able to carry anything. The format limits the dose.
  • A gummy typically holds 1 to 3 g of sugar, and the usual dose is two. Times 365 days.
  • Tablets fit far more in, but plenty of children under 8 won't swallow one.
  • Powder carries more than any other format and tastes of something. That's the trade.

Why the format decides what fits inside it

This is the part that almost never gets explained, and it explains everything else.

A gummy has to taste good, hold its shape at room temperature, and not fuse together in the tub. That forces a sugar or glucose syrup base and leaves very little room for anything else. Bulky minerals like magnesium taste unpleasant and take up space, so they're cut to a token amount or left out entirely.

A tablet solves the space problem and creates another one: size. The more nutrients you add, the bigger it gets, and there's a practical ceiling on what a six year old will swallow.

A syrup solves the swallowing problem and introduces preservation. A liquid needs preservatives, and sugar is often doing part of that job rather than only flavouring.

A powder has neither the space problem nor the swallowing problem. What it has is taste. Minerals taste like minerals, and there's a limit to what fruit can disguise.

No format is better. Each one chooses what to sacrifice.

The comparison

Gummies Tablet Syrup Powder
Child takes it without a fight Almost always Depends on age Usually Depends on taste
Added sugar Typically 1 to 3 g per gummy None Common Depends on brand
Nutrient load possible Low High Medium High
Bulky minerals (magnesium) Difficult Possible Difficult Possible
Risk of reading as a sweet High None Medium Low

The sugar arithmetic nobody does

Two gummies a day at 2 g of sugar each is 4 g a day. Over a year that's roughly 1.4 kg of sugar, taken in the belief that it's a supplement.

It's not a catastrophe and it's not a reason to panic. It's simply a number worth seeing written down, because it appears nowhere on the tub.

The thing we believe that the evidence doesn't support

One of us is certain her six-year-old goes up the walls when he's had too much sugar. She has watched it happen. She would tell you it's obvious.

The research says otherwise, and it isn't close. When children are given sugar or a placebo and nobody in the room knows which, the difference stops appearing. A meta-analysis in JAMA pooled the trials and found no effect on behaviour.

The study that should give all of us pause is smaller. Mothers were told their son had just had a large dose of sugar. He hadn't; every child got the placebo. Those mothers rated his behaviour as more hyperactive, stayed closer to him, and criticised him more than the mothers who were told he'd had none.

We're including this because it's the least convenient thing on the page, and because we'd rather be the brand that tells you its own beliefs don't survive a blind trial. The sugar in a gummy is still worth counting. Just count it for what it is, which is sugar, rather than for what we've all been told it does.

There's a second effect, less obvious and more annoying day to day. When a vitamin tastes like a sweet, it stops being clear to the child whether it's medicine or a treat. That's where the breakfast negotiations come from, and the requests for another one, and the tub that has to live on top of a cupboard.

What to ask, whatever the format

  1. How many grams of sugar per daily dose? Per dose, not per 100 g.
  2. How many nutrients, and at what amounts? A list of eighteen names at token doses is worth less than eight at real ones.
  3. The percentage is measured against what? The EU labelling reference value, not a health recommendation.
  4. Does the brand publish independent testing? And publish the results, or only claim to test?

The fourth separates more brands than any of the others, and it's the easiest to check. It's either on the site or it's not.

The honest part about our own format

We make a powder, so this comparison isn't neutral and it would be silly to pretend it's.

Powder wins on two things. It carries minerals in amounts a gummy physically can't, and it doesn't need sugar to hold itself together. Ours has 0 g added sugar, and that's not a virtue on our part, it's a consequence of the format.

And it loses on two. It has to be mixed, which is ten seconds more than opening a tub. And it tastes of something. We use freeze-dried strawberry and blueberry, and even so there are children who would rather have a gummy, because a gummy tastes like a sweet and this tastes like a drink.

If the real choice in your house is between a powder your child refuses and a gummy they take every day, the gummy wins. A supplement nobody takes is worth nothing, whatever the label says. We will say that rather than pretend the format solves the problem on its own.

Sources


Written by Lina and Stanislava, founders of MyDailyPocket. This is here to be useful, not to replace your GP or paediatrician.

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